From the user point of view, all other than licensed mobile operators are virtual operators because they do not have their own network. This definition has been used in many international source documents. In dome documents, MVNO is defined (in accordance with its abbreviated form) an entity which acts as a virtual network operator who has leased a radio access from the licensed mobile operator.
Provision of network services and telecommunications services is illustrated in figure 1. The presented model is applicable also to describe differences between service provisioning and network provisioning in the fixed network.